Bibliography

Numbered source list for the synthesis. Each entry below is referenced by number in the marked-up synthesis.

How to read this bibliography

Academic citations carry a known frustration: the publisher's official URL is often a paywall, so a reader trying to verify a finding clicks the link and hits a login form or a "buy this article" cart instead of the source. We've tagged every entry below with one of three labels so you know up front what clicking will give you:

How the three GATED sources were verified

Where a source is GATED, the team did not skip verification — we just did it differently. For Choi & Hogg 2020 [2] and Jia et al. 2021 [6], the abstract (visible to anyone via the DOI page) carries the specific finding cited in the synthesis verbatim; the synthesis claim is at the level the abstract supports, not at the level the full paywalled methods or results sections would support. For Algoe 2012 [10], the underlying "find / remind / bind" three-function language is documented verbatim across multiple independent secondary sources (academic-summary databases, theory-overview articles, and search-engine indices of the abstract content); the synthesis treats this as a citation to the standard reference for that concept, not as a citation that requires the full 2012 article text. Our internal verification table carries the verbatim quote-per-source chain for all three, and is available on request.

Our mining pass surveyed a broader pool of sources across ten corpus areas; the bibliography here lists only those that proved load-bearing to the synthesis findings. See the methodology page for the corpus areas and verification protocol.


  1. [1] Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. OPEN ↗ alnap.cdn.ngo full-text PDF — full chapter loads in browser, archived mirror.
  2. [2] Choi, E. U., & Hogg, M. A. (2020). Self-uncertainty and group identification: A meta-analysis. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 23(4), 483–501. GATED Sage Journals (paywall): DOI 10.1177/1368430219846990. The Academia.edu mirror requires a free signup before showing the PDF; not a clean OPEN. The verbatim abstract quote backing the cited claim — "Under conditions of high self-uncertainty, people will identify more strongly with their group" + the effect-size summary (35 studies, N=4,657) — is documented on our internal verification table.
  3. [3] Porter, T., Hartman, K., & Johnson, J. S. (2011). Books and balls: Antecedents and outcomes of college identification. Research in Higher Education Journal, 13. OPEN ↗ ERIC full-text PDF (EJ1068801) — the β=.434 (student-org involvement) and β=–.240 (cultural-event attendance) coefficients are in Table 5.
  4. [4] Hoyt, J. E. (2004). Understanding alumni giving: Theory and predictors of donor status. ERIC Document Reproduction Service ED490996. OPEN ↗ ERIC full-text PDF (ED490996) — path-analytic study, final sample n=383 (193 donors + 190 non-donors); the "scholarship recipients want to give other students the same opportunity" finding is in the open-ended responses section.
  5. [5] Kaplan, A. E. (Author); Kane, K. (Editor). (2025, May). CASE Insights on Alumni Engagement, 2024 Key Findings. Council for Advancement and Support of Education. 27 pp. ABSTRACT ↗ ERIC record page (ED674499) — citation + abstract visible; full PDF gated at case.org. CROSS-CONFIRM ↗ Hivebrite analyst summary — carries the verbatim "one percent of alumni volunteer in every cohort" quote. CROSS-CONFIRM ↗ Marts & Lundy analyst summary — carries the 20.9% / 33.2% engagement-to-donor cross-mode numbers.
  6. [6] Jia, F., Alisat, S., Algrim, K., & Pratt, M. W. (2021). Development of religious identity and commitment during emerging adulthood: A mixed-methods longitudinal study. Emerging Adulthood, 9(5), 528–540. GATED Sage Journals (paywall): DOI 10.1177/2167696820949799. No open-access mirror surfaced. The verbatim quote backing the cited claim — "We found that early religious belief at age 23 positively predicted religious commitment 9 years later at age 32. However, this relationship was mediated by religious identity maturity at age 26." — is documented on our internal verification table.
  7. [7] Grimell, J. (2024). You can take a person out of the military, but you can't take the military out of the person: findings from a ten-year identity study on transition from military to civilian life. Frontiers in Sociology, 9, Article 1406710. OPEN ↗ Full text via DOI — Frontiers in Sociology is gold open-access; redirects to the full article at frontiersin.org.
  8. [8] Dubberley, J. (Cygnus Applied Research). (2025). Understanding Sorority Alumnae: Insights to Strengthen Affinity, Engagement and Support. Commissioned by Foundation for Fraternal Excellence. Field period: February–July 2025. OPEN ↗ FFE landing page — the "connection is set fairly early" key finding is rendered on the public-facing landing page itself; full report is behind a form-gate but the cited finding is visible without it.
  9. [9] Putnam, R. D., & Campbell, D. E. (2010). American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us. New York: Simon & Schuster. OPEN ↗ Putnam's research page — author-hosted overview of the book's empirical work, the Faith Matters surveys, and the friendship-density finding. OPEN ↗ Faith Matters 2006 dataset (Roper Center) — primary survey data and methodology. Book itself is published by Simon & Schuster and behind a publisher paywall; the author's research page is the cleanest free-access entry point.
  10. [10] Algoe, S. B. (2012). Find, remind, and bind: The functions of gratitude in everyday relationships. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6(6), 455–469. GATED Wiley Online Library (paywall): DOI 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012.00439.x. APA PsycNET shows a "buy this article" cart, not an abstract. No open-access mirror found (the author's own publications page links back to the Wiley paywall). The find / remind / bind triplet language and the three-function definitions are documented verbatim across multiple independent secondary sources catalogued on our internal verification table — that's the verification path for this entry, the URL above is for citation pointer only.

Compiled 2026-05-05; bibliography revised twice on 2026-05-15 — first to trim from 31 to 10 load-bearing sources and add OPEN/ABSTRACT/GATED tags, then to harden the GATED entries against fake-OPEN URLs (signup walls and "buy this article" cart pages don't count as a source). Where a source is genuinely paywalled and no open mirror exists, the entry says so and points to the internal verification table where the verbatim quote backing the cited claim is documented.